Glossary - Vitamins and Nutrients H-Z
Hesperidin: part of the C complex.
Holistic treatment: treatment of the whole person. Homeostasis: the body's physiological equilibrium.
Hormone: a substance formed in endocrine organs and transported by body fluids to activate other specifically receptive organs.
Humectant: a substance that is used to preserve the moisture content of materials.
Hydrochloric acid: a normally acidic part of the body's gastric juice.
Hydrolyzed: put into water-soluble form.
Hydrolyzed protein chelate: water-soluble and chelated for easy assimilation.
Hypervitaminosis: a condition caused by an excessive ingestion of vitamins.
Hypoglycaemia: a condition caused by abnormally low blood sugar.
Hypovitaminosis: a deficiency disease owing to an absence of vitamins in the diet.
Ichthyosis: a condition characterized by a scaliness on the outer layer of skin.
Idiopathic: a condition whose causes are not yet known.
Immune: protected against disease. Insulin: the hormone, secreted by the pancreas, concerned
with the metabolism of sugar in the body.
IU: International Units.
Lactating: producing milk.
Laxative: a substance that stimulates evacuation of the bowels.
Linoleic acid: one of the polyunsaturated fats, a constituent of lecithin; known as vitamin F; indispensable for life, and must be obtained from foods.
Lipid: a fat or fatty substance.
Lipofuscin: age pigment in cells.
Lipotropic: preventing abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat in the liver.
Megavitamin therapy: treatment of illness with massive amounts of vitamins.
Metabolize: to undergo change by physical and chemical processes.
Mucopolysaccharide: thick gelatinous material that is found many places in the body; it glues cells together and lubricates joints.
Nitrites: used as fixatives in cured meats; can combine with natural stomach and food chemicals to cause dangerous cancer-causing agents called nitrosamines.
Orthomolecular: the right molecule used for the right treatment; doctors who practice preventive medicine and use vitamin therapies are known as orthomolecular physicians.
OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
Oxalates: organic chemicals found in certain foods, especially spinach, which can combine with calcium to form calcium oxalate, an insoluble chemical the body cannot use.
PABA: para-aminobenzoic acid; a member of the B complex.
Palmitate: water-solublized vitamin A.
PKU (phenylketonuria): a hereditary disease caused by the lack of an enzyme needed to convert an essential amino acid (phenylalanine) into a form usable by the body; can cause mental retardation unless detected early.
Polyunsaturated fats: highly nonsaturated fats from vegetable sources; tend to lower blood cholesterol.
Predigested protein: protein that has been processed for fast assimilation and can go directly to the bloodstream.
Provitamin: a vitamin precursor; a chemical substance necessary to produce a vitamin.
PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid.
RDA: Recommended Dietary Allowances as established by the Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council.
RNA: the abbreviation used for ribonucleic acid.
Rose hips: a rich source of vitamin C; the nodule underneath the bud of a rose called a hip, in which the plant produces the vitamin C we extract.
Rutin: a substance extracted from buckwheat; part of the C complex.
Saturated fatty acids: usually solid at room temperature; higher proportions found in foods from animal sources; tend to raise blood cholesterol levels.
Sequestrant: a substance that absorbs ions and prevents changes that would affect flavour, texture, and colour of food; used for water softening.
Syncope: brief loss of consciousness; fainting.
Synergistic: the action of two or more substances to produce an effect that neither alone could accomplish.
Synthetic: produced artificially.
Systemic: capable of spreading through the entire body.
T-Cells: white blood cells, manufactured in the thymus, which protect the body from bacteria, viruses, and cancer-causing agents, while controlling the production of B-cells, which produce antibodies, and unwanted production of potentially harmful T-cells.
Teratological: monstrous or abnormal formations in animals or plants.
Tocopherols: the group of compounds (alpha, beta, delta, episilon, eta, gamma, and zeta) that make vitamin E; obtained through vacuum distillation of edible vegetable oils.
Toxicity: the quality or condition of being poisonous, harmful, or destructive.
Toxin: an organic poison produced in living or dead organisms.
Triglycerides: fatty substances in the blood.
Unsaturated fatty acids: most often liquid at room temperature; primarily found in vegetable fats.
US AN: United States Adopted Names Council; cosponsored by the American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA), the American Medical Association (AMA), and the United States Pharmacopia (USP) for the specific purpose of coining suitable, acceptable, nonproprietary names in the drug field.
USRDA: United States Recommended Daily Allowances.
Xerosis: a condition of dryness.
Zein: protein from corn.
Zyme: a fermenting substance.
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